Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Deputy Governor Swaminathan J urged that banking-sector resilience should be deliberately built rather than left to chance, laying out five pillars of ‘resilience by design.’ Drawing on India’s post-2015 banking reforms, he argued that transparent stress recognition, stronger balance sheets, sharper supervision, adaptive regulation, and resilient internal bank practices have made the system sturdier- and that work must continue as new risks emerge. Transparent recognition of stress The first pillar, Swaminathan J said, is the transparent recognition of stress. He cited the post-2015 Asset Quality Review as a turning point, “Recognition required banks to provision, owners to recapitalise, borrowers to negotiate, supervisors to intervene, and markets to reassess risk. Transparency changes incentives.”