The US has criticised India’s “onerous requirements” on dairy imports, surcharges on various agricultural imports, regulations for alcoholic beverage imports, and the Make in India programme that remains “challenging” for high-technology equipment makers and other American companies. The Trump administration plans to levy reciprocal tariffs from Wednesday. In its 2025 National Trade Estimate report, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR)raised concerns on India’s “opaque and unpredictable” quantitative restrictions, patent regime and digital trade barriers such as data storage conditions.